Influence of Conventional, CAD-CAM, and 3D Printing Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Integrity and Surface Roughness and Wear of Interim Crowns

The aim is to assess the influence of fabrication techniques—conventional (CN), CAD-CAM (CC), and 3D printing (3D)—on marginal fit, adaptation, surface roughness, wear interim restorations crowns. Thirty crowns were fabricated using CN, CC, techniques. Sixty discs evaluate roughness properties, with 10 disc samples in each group (n = 10). Internal adaptation integrity analyzed micro CT detect microgaps at selected points. Average micro-roughness (Ra) was calculated micrometers (μm) an optical non-contact microscope under cyclic loading. Surface evaluated by area measurements (mm3) a CT. Analysis variance (ANOVA) Tukey’s post hoc comparison tests Pearson correlation performed for data analysis. highest means CN (269.94 ± 64 μm), lowest mean value observed (197.82 11.72 μm) CC specimens showed comparable (p > 0.05), which significantly higher < 0.05) than misfit compared (5.61 0.33 µm), whereas found (3.28 0.34 µm). Better restoration Ra method followed CN. had (17.79 2.78 mm3), (10.81 2.00 mm3) specimen. Low printing, printed specimen outcomes restoration; however, they better restoration. A positive between observed, indicating effect technique on material physical property.